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Cronbach, Lee J. – Center for Research on Evaluation Standards and Student Testing CRESST, 2004
Where the accuracy of a measurement is important, whether for scientific or practical purposes, the investigator should evaluate how much random error affects the measurement. New research may not be necessary when a procedure has been studied enough to establish how much error it involves. But, with new measures, or measures being transferred…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Test Reliability, Generalizability Theory, Educational Research
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Chambers, William V. – Social Behavior and Personality, 1985
Personal construct psychologists have suggested various psychological functions explain differences in the stability of constructs. Among these functions are constellatory and loose construction. This paper argues that measurement error is a more parsimonious explanation of the differences in construct stability reported in these studies. (Author)
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Test Construction, Test Format, Test Reliability
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Williams, Richard H.; Zimmerman, Donald W. – Journal of Experimental Education, 1984
This paper provides a list of 10 salient features of the standard error of measurement, contrasting it to the reliability coefficient. It is concluded that the standard error of measurement should be regarded as a primary characteristic of a mental test. (Author/DWH)
Descriptors: Educational Testing, Error of Measurement, Evaluation Methods, Psychological Testing
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Williams, Richard H.; Zimmerman, Donald W. – Journal of Experimental Education, 1980
It is suggested that error of measurement cannot be routinely incorporated into the "error term" in statistical tests, and that the reliability of test scores does not have the simple relationship to statistical inference that one might expect. (Author/GK)
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Hypothesis Testing, Mathematical Formulas, Test Reliability
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Humphreys, Lloyd G.; And Others – Applied Psychological Measurement, 1993
Two articles discuss the controversy about the relationship between reliability and the power of significance tests in response to the discussion of Donald W. Zimmerman, Richard H. Williams, and Bruno D. Zumbo. Lloyd G. Humphreys emphasizes the differences between what statisticians can do and constraints on researchers. Zimmerman, Williams, and…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Individual Differences, Power (Statistics), Research Methodology
Tsujimoto, Richard N.; Berger, Dale E. – Child Abuse and Neglect: The International Journal, 1988
Two criteria are discussed for determining cutting scores on a predictor variable for identifying cases of likely child abuse--utility maximizing and error minimizing. Utility maximizing is the preferable criterion, as it optimizes the balance between the costs of incorrect decisions and the benefits of correct decisions. (Author/JDD)
Descriptors: Child Abuse, Cost Effectiveness, Cutting Scores, Error of Measurement
Schell, Leo M. – 1981
Errors in oral reading tests result from inaccuracies that tend to creep in because children are not totally consistent while taking a test and from inaccuracies caused when the examiner does not catch a word recognition error, giving credit for an answer that is more wrong than right or vice versa. Every test contains a standard error of…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Informal Reading Inventories, Oral Reading, Reading Tests
Stewart, E. Elizabeth – 1981
Context effects are defined as being influences on test performance associated with the content of successively presented test items or sections. Four types of context effects are identified: (1) direct context effects (practice effects) which occur when performance on items is affected by the examinee having been exposed to similar types of…
Descriptors: Context Effect, Data Collection, Error of Measurement, Evaluation Methods
Wangerin, Paul T. – 1994
This paper addresses problems confronting law school teachers in grading law school exams and assigning letter grades. Using prototypical dialogue and scenarios, the paper examines mathematical and statistical issues that contribute to grading errors. Discussed in relation to real world data and the bar exam are: differential weighting, combining…
Descriptors: Civil Rights, Court Litigation, Educational Malpractice, Error of Measurement
Fruen, Mary – NCME Measurement in Education, 1978
There are both strengths and weaknesses of using standardized test scores as a criterion for admission to institutions of higher education. The relative importance of scores is dependent on the institution's degree of selectivity. In general, decision processes and admissions criteria are not well defined. Advantages of test scores include: use of…
Descriptors: Admission Criteria, College Admission, College Entrance Examinations, Competitive Selection