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Direct linkLee, Nick; Chamberlain, Laura – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2016
Aguirre-Urreta, Rönkkö, and Marakas' (2016) paper in "Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives" (hereafter referred to as ARM2016) is an important and timely piece of scholarship, in that it provides strong analytic support to the growing theoretical literature that questions the underlying ideas behind causal and…
Descriptors: Measurement, Causal Models, Formative Evaluation, Evaluation Methods
Bollen, Kenneth A. – Psychological Methods, 2007
R. D. Howell, E. Breivik, and J. B. Wilcox (2007) have argued that causal (formative) indicators are inherently subject to interpretational confounding. That is, they have argued that using causal (formative) indicators leads the empirical meaning of a latent variable to be other than that assigned to it by a researcher. Their critique of causal…
Descriptors: Researchers, Structural Equation Models, Formative Evaluation, Transformative Learning
