Discussion of instructional design (ID) focuses on design processes in other fields. Topics addressed include a definition of design; the relationship of design to other processes; ID as a type of designing; two views of ID; and how ID processes occur, based on a review of the literature. (49 references) (LRW)

Provides an overview of the use of models in instructional design. Highlights include a definition of the term model; types of models, including conceptual, procedural, mathematical, and prescriptive; procedures for model development; classification of models in the literature; and alternative techniques for model validation. (Contains 38…

Defines the discipline of instructional science, discusses its applications, and reviews three instructional models--the component theory display, elaboration theory of instruction, and motivational design of instruction--to illustrate the kind of integrative, multi-perspectived common knowledge base needed at this point in the development of…

Discusses the need for good reviews of research on behavioral objectives emphasizing practical applications, points out a few extrinsic and intrinsic problems involved in reviewing such research, and presents a set of six prescriptions for the use of behavioral objectives based on experimental studies. Six references are listed. (MER)

Comments note that instructional design literature rarely mentions learner motivation and learning in the affective domain, while educational research maintains such an emphasis, and explains why designers should emphasize these areas. Works by Keller on motivating learners, and Hurst on integrating instruction to include the affective domain are…

Summarizes educational research on four aspects of learner feedback--function, timing, schedule, and type--and discusses implications of the findings for software development. (MBR)

Research on the characteristics of effective computer-based education (CBE) courseware suggests that content structure and levels of questions presented determine whether the deep cognitive processing requisite for learning takes place. A decision table of types of instructional questions covering Bloom's taxonomy is presented and discussed.…

Reviews the literature on the cognitive style field dependent/field independent (FD/FI) and suggests implications for educational technologists in their efforts to address individual differences among learners during the instructional design process that would narrow the differential learning gain between FD and FI learners. Testing for FD/FI is…

Discusses instructional gaming and examines the impact of Thomas Malone's theory of intrinsically motivating instruction. Relevant literature is reviewed to establish common threads, and implications of the gaming literature for future study of gaming and instructional design are suggested. (Contains 25 references.) (LRW)

This review of research on the effectiveness of adding questions to text materials to improve learning and the research on feedback posits that there is a connection between the findings in these two areas that can be viewed from an information processing perspective. A model of information processing taken from Gagne is used to organize the…

Briefly discusses current views of the way anxiety decreases students' learning from instructional software and describes ways software designers might compensate for the learning problems of anxious students. (MBR)

Describes the variety of types of products produced by instructional designers, discusses the role of the designer, lists the critical instructional design attributes needed by instructors who design and implement loosely structured instructional products, and discusses prototype evaluation methods for less flexible, instructor-centered products.…

Based on intuitive speculation, a literature review, and trial situations with students, this comprehensive listing describes, explains, and classifies the functions that visuals might perform when used to support verbal narration. This summary will be followed in the future by establishment and testing of the functions' validity. (MBR)

Discusses the use of story models for hypertext design. Relevant research is reviewed; interactive fiction is examined; advantages of the story format in instructional design are described; and a taxonomy of five types of story structures for hypertext design is presented. (Contains 56 references.) (LRW)

A synthesis of the flow theory of intrinsic motivation of Csikszentmihalyi and the motivational design theory of instruction of Keller is presented. The conceptual integration of these theories is the basis for prescriptions aimed at increasing the level of intrinsic motivation in instruction. The flow phenomenon is described in terms of challenge…