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Demuth, Katherine; Johnson, Mark – First Language, 2020
Exemplar-based learning requires: (1) a segmentation procedure for identifying the units of past experiences that a present experience can be compared to, and (2) a similarity function for comparing these past experiences to the present experience. This article argues that for a learner to learn a language these two mechanisms will require…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Language Acquisition, Linguistic Theory, Grammar
Zettersten, Martin; Schonberg, Christina; Lupyan, Gary – First Language, 2020
This article reviews two aspects of human learning: (1) people draw inferences that appear to rely on hierarchical conceptual representations; (2) some categories are much easier to learn than others given the same number of exemplars, and some categories remain difficult despite extensive training. Both of these results are difficult to reconcile…
Descriptors: Models, Language Acquisition, Prediction, Language Processing
McClelland, James L. – First Language, 2020
Humans are sensitive to the properties of individual items, and exemplar models are useful for capturing this sensitivity. I am a proponent of an extension of exemplar-based architectures that I briefly describe. However, exemplar models are very shallow architectures in which it is necessary to stipulate a set of primitive elements that make up…
Descriptors: Models, Language Processing, Artificial Intelligence, Language Usage
Hartshorne, Joshua K. – First Language, 2020
Ambridge argues that the existence of exemplar models for individual phenomena (words, inflection rules, etc.) suggests the feasibility of a unified, exemplars-everywhere model that eschews abstraction. The argument would be strengthened by a description of such a model. However, none is provided. I show that any attempt to do so would immediately…
Descriptors: Models, Language Acquisition, Language Processing, Bayesian Statistics
Brooks, Patricia J.; Kempe, Vera – First Language, 2020
The radical exemplar model resonates with work on perceptual classification and categorization highlighting the role of exemplars in memory representations. Further development of the model requires acknowledgment of both the fleeting and fragile nature of perceptual representations and the gist-based, good-enough quality of long-term memory…
Descriptors: Models, Language Acquisition, Classification, Memory
American Journal of Play, 2020
Kathy Hirsh-Pasek is the Stanley and Debra Lefkowitz Faculty Fellow in the Department of Psychology at Temple University and a Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution. She is the past president of the International Society for Infant Studies, served as the Associate Editor of "Child Development" and is on the governing counsel of the…
Descriptors: Play, College Faculty, Psychology, Departments
Knabe, Melina L.; Vlach, Haley A. – First Language, 2020
Ambridge argues that there is widespread agreement among child language researchers that learners store linguistic abstractions. In this commentary the authors first argue that this assumption is incorrect; anti-representationalist/exemplar views are pervasive in theories of child language. Next, the authors outline what has been learned from this…
Descriptors: Child Language, Children, Language Acquisition, Models
Bakhurst, David – Journal of Philosophy of Education, 2013
John McDowell begins his essay "Knowledge by Hearsay" (1993) by describing two ways language matters to epistemology. The first is that, by understanding and accepting someone else's utterance, a person can acquire knowledge. This is what philosophers call "knowledge by testimony." The second is that children acquire knowledge in the course of…
Descriptors: Epistemology, Philosophy, Learning Processes, Language Acquisition
Storkel, Holly L. – Journal of Child Language, 2011
Stoel-Gammon (this issue) states that "from birth to age 2 ; 6, the developing phonological system affects lexical acquisition to a greater degree than lexical factors affect phonological development" (this issue). This conclusion is based on a wealth of data; however, the available data are somewhat limited in scope, focusing on rather holistic…
Descriptors: Child Language, Vocabulary Development, Phonology, Young Children
Sequential Event Processing: Domain Specificity or Task Specificity? Commentary on Carota and Sirigu
Toni, Ivan – Language Learning, 2008
The article by Carota and Sirigu addresses a fundamental issue, namely the domain specificity of people's ability to learn and implement sequential structures of events. The authors review theoretical positions and empirical findings related to this issue, providing a useful summary of representative models of sequential event structures, and a…
Descriptors: Linguistics, Prediction, Models, Behavior
Bowerman, Melissa – 1983
The theory that language acquisition is guided and constrained by inborn linguistic knowledge is assessed. Specifically, the "no negative evidence" view, the belief that linguistic theory should be restricted in such a way that the grammars it allows can be learned by children on the basis of positive evidence only, is explored. Child language…
Descriptors: Child Language, Generalization, Grammar, Language Acquisition
Lesnik-Oberstein, Karin – Educational Philosophy and Theory, 2003
In her book on Wittgenstein's "Philosophical Investigations", Beth Savickey points out that few critics pay explicit attention to Wittgenstein's references to the child and childhood, particularly in his later work. She argues (paraphrasing Wittgenstein) that "the figure of the child is the figure that draws together the concepts of teaching and…
Descriptors: Children, Educational Philosophy, Teaching Methods, Learning Processes
Slobin, Dan I. – 1988
It is proposed that, in contrast to Chomsky's argument, it is possible to arrive at an empirically grounded definition of innate linguistic competence that guides the child in the construction of grammar, particularly when this process is viewed as developmental. This approach treats language acquisition as a process of change. It is suggested…
Descriptors: Child Language, Grammar, Language Acquisition, Language Research

Bauman, Marcy Lassota – Language Arts, 1987
Claims that the way people symbolize their experiences in speaking, listening, and writing can help them to understand literature and, ultimately, their personal life experiences. Claims that making meaning is fundamental to all language learning and that reading literature is analogous to other language learning experiences. (JD)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Language Acquisition, Learning Processes, Literature

John, Athialy P. – International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 1980
Deals with several related problems of language contact, approximative systems, and language learning situations. Proposes the recognition of "fixed approximative languages" in relation to learning situations. (Author)
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Interference (Language), Interlanguage, Language Acquisition