Over the past decade, international and national education agencies have begun to emphasize the improvement of the quality (rather than quantity) of education in developing countries. This trend has been paralleled by a significant increase in the use of educational assessments as a way to measure gains and losses in quality of learning. As…

In their reply to our article, Greenwald, Rudman, Nosek, and Zayas offered comments on the use of their procedure relative to one that focuses on standard multiple regression (SMR) methods). Here we address five issues where we think a balance of perspective is called for: (a) issues of measurement, (b) the structuring and reporting of the…