Uses the construct of generalized expectancies for locus of control as a model of the importance of broad theory and training in theory construction and evaluation in psychology. Discusses the characteristics that contribute to the construct's heuristic value and also discusses problems with the criteria for the publication of psychological…

A literature review of cognitive self-direction (CSD), a description of the preservice CSD curriculum model, and an overview of CSD methodology are provided. Benefits of CSD type instruction for preservice teachers include more internal locus of control orientations, less anxiety, and improved lesson planning, classroom performance, and…

This article presents a model to evaluate the imagination and creativity of strategic planners. Characteristics recommended for strategic planners include the cognitive styles of extroverted, intuitive, feeling, and perceptive; marginal personality orientation, which allows for an open-minded viewpoint with integrative skills; internal locus of…

Discusses constructivist uses of production rule expert systems that may be used to support learning for secondary and higher education. Highlights include locus of control; and objectivist and constructivist applications of expert systems as intelligent tutoring systems, as feedback systems, as personal knowledge representation tools, and for…

A developmental dialectical approach to understanding and working with lower and middle class damaged parents--those identified as abusive and neglectful--has specific features and implications. The approach suggests that (1) the personality characteristics and interpersonal relations of parents are inseparable from their social conditions; (2)…

According to De Charms' model of Origins and Pawns, some people feel they direct their own lives, while other people feel their fates are controlled externally. Administrators can encourage teachers to accept responsibility and feel greater self-confidence by planning inservice activities that treat teachers as self-directed persons. (PGD)

Future directions in school psychology from the practitioner's viewpoint are discussed. The focus is on the review of some major events and variables that will continue to impact upon psychological services in the schools and the actions psychologists can take to control these variables. (Author/GK)

This paper proposes strategies of motivation in computer based instruction (CBI) derived from motivational foundations of cognitive, affective, and social learning theories. The assumption made here is that motivation and achievement interact in ways that warrant a "holistic" examination of strategies incorporated into CBI. Thus motivation in CBI…

This paper attempts to connect theories of learning and theories of instruction, which often originate independently from each other, into a unified theory which gives a central place to students' self-regulation and which is based on recent research on student learning. The first of four parts analyzes the cognitive, affective, and metacognitive…

The locus of control in teacher education has been outside the hands of those who educate our nation's teachers for more than a century. Essentialists have long controlled the agenda for public schooling in America, and it is evident as well that their influence has prevailed in both the form and function of teacher education. The authors suggest…

This book presents the results of 15 years of input-output (I-O) research on schooling effectiveness. The I-O approach identifies and measures the inschool and out-of-school factors that contribute to schooling outcomes, especially reading skills and verbal and mathematics achievement. Five categories of inputs are reviewed in this textbook: (1)…