Information is provided on total costs, cost elements, and other related background aspects of validation research. Cost elements covered were staff time (broken into researcher and clerical, subject matter expert, and research participant), overhead, travel, and miscellaneous costs. Information is reported for 21 studies or groups of studies. In…

Despite their vital role in open-access, two-year colleges, remedial education efforts have increasingly come under attack by legislators and the public, who view such programs as duplicating the appropriate function of high schools, and who believe that limited state resources should be devoted to more prestigious programs. For a college to…