Drawing on her experience as a teacher in the most recent Polish clandestine or "flying" university, the author describes the organization and purpose of an underground university in a totalitarian state. The article contains a translation of the flying university's original declaration. (Author/CT)

Reveals how preservice education majors feel about the California Framework for History-Social Science Education. Summarizes responses to a questionnaire dealing with the Framework's philosophy, scope and sequence. Presents students' ideas for methods of implementing the Framework. (LS)

Uses data obtained from a national survey of middle school teachers, conducted in the 1989-90 academic year, to examine questions on the topics covered in the American history curriculum in public middle schools, the academic background and experience of middle school history teachers and teachers' views on what should be changed for a more…

Analyzes the challenges to implementation of the California Framework for History-Social Science Education. Compares the Framework's prescriptions with current practices and concludes that there are discrepancies. Suggests methods for preparing current practitioners and future teachers to carry out the Framework. (LS)

Expresses concern about how teachers will implement the California Framework for History-Social Science Education. Focuses on the need for staff development based upon four criteria: assessment, articulation, alignment, and allocation. Explaining these criteria, the author assesses how they can be used to implement the Framework. (LS)