Beginning in the year 2000, higher education policies all over Europe were transformed by the launching and evolution of the Bologna Process, otherwise known as the process of creating a European Higher Education Area (EHEA). Initially, this process was flexible and informal, which makes the rapidity and scope of the changes it brought about…

Reviews the current status of marketing education within the context of teacher education in general. Role and direction of the program are addressed by proposing specific goals and strategies for implementation in the areas of philosophy, structure, and integration of the program. (CT)

Addressing issues facing vocational education on the topic of performance testing, this handbook consists of a collection of seventeen commissioned papers and reactions to the papers. Two papers are presented on each of the following types of issues that must be considered before a performance test can be constructed: philosophical, technical,…

Describes Foxfire, a philosophy of education firmly grounded in principles of democratic, experiential education. Discusses how many who attempted to adopt the approach of the Foxfire books without its founding principles obtained traditional, teacher-oriented results. Describes Foxfire's educational practices and major aspects of the staff's work…

The author defines moral education; discusses the research, teacher education, and school time it requires; and considers the public misconceptions and scholarly fragmentation that are obstacles to its full development. (SJL)

Although competency based education (CBE) offers solutions to some educational problems, it is not a cure-all. Problems with CBE include emphasis on output rather than the instructional process itself, over-reliance on occupational competencies and behavioral objectives, a tendency to lower academic standards, and the difficulty of implementation.…

The author critiques John Wilson's view of moral education for being too linear, ignoring the complexity of moral development. He proposes a more generalized moral education, with greater emphasis on affect and social context. For Wilson's article, see "Journal of Moral Education," p3-9, Oct 1979 (EJ220532). (SJL)

Professional and bureaucratic barriers to implementation of mainstreaming at the preschool level include philosophical and theoretical differences between early childhood education and special education, differences in personnel preparation, staff attitudes, issues related to current state regulations and monitoring, and provision of related…

Presents a conceptual approach to changing curriculum from industrial arts to technology education. Discusses the need for philosophical and objective development on the part of teachers. Describes how curriculum needs to evolve, facilities must be designed, and the whole implementation process must be evaluated. (JOW)

Drawing on her experience as a teacher in the most recent Polish clandestine or "flying" university, the author describes the organization and purpose of an underground university in a totalitarian state. The article contains a translation of the flying university's original declaration. (Author/CT)

Outcome-based education (OBE) means clearly focusing and organizing everything in an educational system around what is essential for all students to be able to do successfully at the end of their learning experiences. This book examines the issues critical to understanding and implementing OBE. Chapter 1 addresses a range of issues related to the…

This article elaborates the various goal orientations currently characterizing continuing professional education and identifies their practical implications. A goal orientations model is presented that may prove useful in addressing both programmatic and policy considerations. (CT)

Adult educators should be concerned with interpreting the concept of adult education to significant others. The newcomer to adult education needs to be aware of the following eight themes for a basic understanding: social and cultural climate, philosophical roots, program structure and forms, institutional bases, implementation processes, planning…

This article focuses on four issues: the learner's readiness for self-direction in learning, the teaching and learning process advocated for work with self-directed learners, policy considerations related to self-directed learning, and ethical issues relative to the implementation of self-directed learning concepts. (CT)

This commentary on inclusion of children with disabilities in early childhood programs raises issues concerning why so little progress toward inclusion has been made; quality of early childhood instruction versus inclusion expectations; the need to "just do it" (inclusion); and the need to allow for the child's individual preferences. (DB)