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Turnbull, Jakki – Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 1988
Potential hazards and dangers of using the token economy approach to behavior change with head injured individuals are identified and it is suggested that the injured person's active awareness of reinforcement contingencies may sometimes be deleterious. (DB)
Descriptors: Behavior Disorders, Behavior Modification, Contingency Management, Injuries
MacFarland, Thomas W. – 1985
This paper examines 10 principles of learning and suggests ways in which vocational education teachers may apply them in their classrooms. The following principles are discussed: reductionism, the law of effect, imitation and observational learning, classroom management without punishment, shaping, the law of primacy, token rewards, the law of…
Descriptors: Classroom Environment, Classroom Techniques, Cognitive Processes, Discipline