Business simulation can give everyone a fresh overview of the business. Well-designed games and simulations can help players understand why change is necessary and can create within the learner a demand for know-how that no lecture can match. (JOW)

This discussion of the types of risks associated with military aircrew training and the varieties of training devices and techniques currently utilized to minimize those risks includes an examination of flight trainer simulators and complex mission simulators for coping with military aviation hazards. Four references are listed. (Author/MER)

Describes Texas Instruments' (TI) attempt to capture the key skills and personal characteristics of outstanding manufacturing supervisors in a competency model derived from research on high performers. The result was a one-day simulation and assessment center that looks and feels like a day on the shop floor. (JOW)

Examines the Triad Training Model for training counselors to better articulate a client's internal dialog during simulated counseling interviews. The theoretical basis for the model is discussed, positive and negative feedback is considered, and supporting research is presented. (Contains 20 references.) (LRW)

This chapter considers the history of instructional development (ID) in the military, with particular emphasis on the U.S. Navy. The ID process used at the Navy's Instructional Program Development Centers is presented, including the process for simulator development. An in-depth analysis of the problems encountered with educational technology…

Discusses several considerations of which trainers should be aware when teaching the following radio production techniques to trainees in developing nations: equipment use, use of talkback facility, scriptwriting, location interviewing, drama production, educational radio production, and editing. (MBR)

Explains why simulation is a particularly useful teaching device in areas in which it is important to tie together cognitive skills and motor skills into total performance. Discusses the many forms simulation can take in soft skills training and how simulations can shape perspectives. (CT)

Reviews the rationale for the use of simulation and game exercises as part of counselor education programs. Counselor competencies in the areas of knowledge, skills, and self-awareness are discussed; and the use of experience-based learning activities is explained, including the debriefing stage. (Contains three references.) (LRW)

Many educators in facilitative roles have approached the subject of visual disabilities by constructing activities designed to simulate blindness, using a blindfold or similar device. Participants are subsequently encouraged to perform rudimentary tasks such as eating a meal or moving about with a sighted companion as a guide. Frequently,…

Presents some ideas for using simulation games to improve human performance, serve as motivators for instruction, provide opportunities for evaluating learning, and test research models. The potential for instructional technologists to diversify approaches to learning and meet learning needs is also discussed. Fifteen references are listed. (MER)

Discusses the need to evaluate the effectiveness of games and simulations that are used for training and educational purposes. Evaluation criteria are described, including validity, reliability, and utility; methods of measuring training device effectiveness are explained; and problems encountered with evaluations are discussed. (30 references)…

Reviews the literature in the area of cognitive psychology that is relevant to training for transfer of skills. The roles of models, schema, and principles in transfer are discussed, the way in which examples facilitate schema acquisition is summarized, and the relation of schema to procedural and discovery learning is outlined. (43 references)…

Provides background information as an introduction to three articles on command and control simulations that involve police and fire departments. Elements of command and control situations are discussed, including leadership, management of people and resources, communication, and coordination; the effectiveness of simulations is considered; and…

Describes the case study method as a form of simulation and presents guidelines for their use in professional training situations. Skill development in problem solving is highlighted as a reason to use case studies; steps in creating a case are outlined; and the effectiveness of case studies is discussed. (LRW)

This collection of 116 papers begins with 5 presentations on the general theme of computer literacy and intelligent computer assisted instruction, and covers a wide variety of topics related to training and education at all grade levels. The remaining papers are divided according to special interest group categories: (1) computer-based training;…