Discusses the emotional and intellectual needs of adolescents and suggests that a testing program should address itself to the developmental needs of students and to the contributing environment. For example, testing could involve both an oral approach and an audiovisual component. (KC)

Basic principles of instruction to effect cognitive change are examined, particularly within the context of South African higher education. Principles include: creating and engaging in conflict between existing knowledge and demands of an unfamiliar task; empowering learners to address the unfamiliar; scaffolding between learner and task; testing…