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Williams, Richard H.; Zimmerman, Donald W. – Journal of Experimental Education, 1980
It is suggested that error of measurement cannot be routinely incorporated into the "error term" in statistical tests, and that the reliability of test scores does not have the simple relationship to statistical inference that one might expect. (Author/GK)
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Hypothesis Testing, Mathematical Formulas, Test Reliability
Lathrop, Robert – 1980
This report stems from the misunderstanding of what general standardized tests and standardized admission tests can and were designed to do, and an uneasiness with certain discoveries concerning biases in the tests. Important issues such as margin of error, predictive value, social and racial bias, and the effects of coaching are the very issues…
Descriptors: College Entrance Examinations, Disclosure, Error of Measurement, Higher Education
Tsujimoto, Richard N.; Berger, Dale E. – Child Abuse and Neglect: The International Journal, 1988
Two criteria are discussed for determining cutting scores on a predictor variable for identifying cases of likely child abuse--utility maximizing and error minimizing. Utility maximizing is the preferable criterion, as it optimizes the balance between the costs of incorrect decisions and the benefits of correct decisions. (Author/JDD)
Descriptors: Child Abuse, Cost Effectiveness, Cutting Scores, Error of Measurement
Schell, Leo M. – 1981
Errors in oral reading tests result from inaccuracies that tend to creep in because children are not totally consistent while taking a test and from inaccuracies caused when the examiner does not catch a word recognition error, giving credit for an answer that is more wrong than right or vice versa. Every test contains a standard error of…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Informal Reading Inventories, Oral Reading, Reading Tests
Terenzini, Patrick T. – 1986
Unobtrusive measures are recommended as a means of assessing educational outcomes of colleges. Such measures can counteract the response bias which is common in questionnaires and interviews. Outcomes researchers are, in fact, asked to supplement standard measures with unobtrusive measures. Interesting data may result from observation of students'…
Descriptors: Colleges, Cost Effectiveness, Educational Assessment, Error of Measurement
Spencer, Bruce D. – 1986
The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) currently tests seventeen-year-old students enrolled in public and private secondary schools, but it does not test "out-of-school" seventeen-year-olds who have either graduated or dropped out. Estimating that one of five seventeen-year-olds is out of school, the interpretability of…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Cohort Analysis, Dropouts, Educational Assessment
Gardner, Eric F. – 1985
Criticism of standardized tests is extensive, and a number of claims of test misuse have been made. Test misuse is discussed in six common circumstances. (1) Test users accept the title of a test as an accurate and complete description of the variable being measured, not having full knowledge of the test, its items, and the test manual. A…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Aptitude Tests, College Entrance Examinations, Elementary Secondary Education
Wangerin, Paul T. – 1994
This paper addresses problems confronting law school teachers in grading law school exams and assigning letter grades. Using prototypical dialogue and scenarios, the paper examines mathematical and statistical issues that contribute to grading errors. Discussed in relation to real world data and the bar exam are: differential weighting, combining…
Descriptors: Civil Rights, Court Litigation, Educational Malpractice, Error of Measurement
Fruen, Mary – NCME Measurement in Education, 1978
There are both strengths and weaknesses of using standardized test scores as a criterion for admission to institutions of higher education. The relative importance of scores is dependent on the institution's degree of selectivity. In general, decision processes and admissions criteria are not well defined. Advantages of test scores include: use of…
Descriptors: Admission Criteria, College Admission, College Entrance Examinations, Competitive Selection