Discusses the process and problems involved in organizing bilingual or multilingual dictionaries. (AM)

It is proposed that literary translation is intrinsically an act of literary criticism. This theory is illustrated by discussion of specific problems in translating Sartre's "La Nausee" and Leonard Forest's "Le pays de la Sagouine," especially the use of verb tense. (MSE)

Suggests that translational efficiency and effectiveness could be advanced by the same consideration of grammatical patterns that is standard with lexical items. Decries the absence of the type of grammar that could be a useful reference tool for translators and exegetes and describes some of its characteristics. (MES)

The communicative approach to translation seeks to bring a text to a new audience, to be assimilated in its new environment. The semantic approach views the text as a cultural artifact, borrowed from its original environment, to be displayed or studied. Translations are usually semantic, not communicative, because few translators are truly…

Discusses a common problem encountered in text translation, i.e., words which have either a broader or narrower meaning in the target language than in the source language. Discusses the consequences of functional decisions on the translation of words and the implications of these decisions for the teaching of translation. (SED)

Discusses sign motivation, in particular phonetic, morphological, and semantic motivation, and implications for translation loss. (AM)

Discusses the relationship between translation and discourse analysis or text linguistics theory. (AM)

Discusses the problem, in translating scientific Russian into English, of encountering borrowed or internationally used terms whose precise meaning can only be interpreted through either the broad scientific context in which they are used, or through the immediate context or combination of words. (AM)

Discusses translation problems resulting from semantic differences in legal and sociopolitical vocabulary, and the translator's responsibility in exposing erroneous or false presuppositions found in the source document. (AM)

Eight commentaries are provided on an article examining the means by which bilinguals control their two language systems. (Author/VWL)

Replies to commentaries written by eight peers in response to an article the author wrote on the means by which bilinguals control their two language systems and in which he proposed an inhibitory control model that embodies the principle that there are multiple levels of control. (Author/VWL)

Discusses why translation theory has had an inadequate impact on translation practice and gives specific examples of ways in which translation theory can provide the translator with general principles and methods of translating idioms. (SED)

In view of the call by reformers and critics for a new definition of education itself, the author investigates some of the difficulties in formulating such a definition by utilizing the study of language as well as linguistics, semantics, and etymology. (Author/SJL)

Discusses the primacy of thought over speech, and "semantic translation" vs "communicative translation," relating the former to thought, and the latter to speech. (AM)

Limitations of linguistic theories of translation are outlined and an argument is presented for the inclusion of an evaluation component in a comprehensive theory of translation. The tasks which a linguistic theory of translation sets for itself are formulated since these provide an ad hoc set of criteria for testing the adequacy of the various…