President Bush appointed a 19-member National Mathematics Advisory Panel (NMP) in 2006 to create a blueprint for advancing mathematics education in the United States. After reviewing over 16,000 research publications and reports and receiving testimonials from 110 individuals, the panel made its report public in March 2008. The NMP report provides over 50 recommendations about learning processes, curricular content, instructional practices and materials, teachers and teacher education, assessment of mathematics learning, and research policies and mechanisms, all aimed at improving the proficiency of the K-8 students in mathematics. While many aspects of the report are worthy of discussion, for the purposes of this article the author discusses six key elements: (1) Learning Processes: Success in Algebra; (2) Curricular Content; (3) Instructional Practice and Materials; (4) Teachers and Teacher Education; (5) State Assessments; and (6) Future Research.