Emphasis on broad-based institutional planning is largely a phenomenon of the seventies. One reason is that the value placed on it varied inversely with the availability of resources. Yet the state of the art of planning for change is not far advanced. There is evidence that those institutions doing this kind of planning tend to be private,…

From the surge of recent litigation it appears that the civil rights movement has at last discovered another oppressed minority. Traditionally, society and the courts have ignored mental patients during their institutional confinement. Particular attention has been paid to the newly emerging concepts of rights to treatment, least restrictive…