Reviews research studies on the effectiveness of prison education programs. Most evaluations show substantial improvements in learning, but this does not necessarily affect post-release employment and recidivism. The literature suggests that programs must be intensive, establish an alternative community within the prison, and offer post-release…

This review of 150 documents from various countries describes probation or suspended sentencing systems, their use and effectiveness, legal and historical contexts for probation, and variations in eligibility criteria. Issues addressed by these materials include the following: (1) the movement of probation services toward a more client-centered…

This bibliography on halfway houses contains seventy-two entries (includes books, journals, films, technical reports, and government publications) which address the critical issues in halfway house operations, evaluations, and innovations. Each entry includes an annotation preceded by the appropriate bibliographic information, such as author,…