Developments in the field of teaching culture are outlined, and some directions for further reading and development are listed. The focus is on multicultural materials, with only occasional reference to culture-specific media. Most of the literature surveyed is in the field of foreign language education, but some attempt was made to sample current…

Foreign language study is appealing to a broader clientele today, which results in a great diversity of needs. A more personalized curriculum and instructional activities geared towards accommodating the needs and interests of the individual are needed. The cultural background of the learner is a significant factor in determining his frame of…

As part of the current trend toward adopting modern, objective-standardized test methods in evaluating the teaching of English as a foreign language (EFL) in the schools of the Socialist Republic of Romania, this review of pedagogical literature makes available to the English-reading audience information that has appeared in Romanian materials.…

A discussion of programs in foreign language, bilingual/bicultural education, and English as a second language (ESL) considers the unique aspects of each program, what they have in common, and areas in which closer cooperation might be developed. Foreign (or second) language programs are characterized by an attempt to give students some…

Overall and specific tasks involved in learning a foreign language and the factors that promote or retard learning are considered. To apply theories of learning and teaching, behavioral objectives for the learner must be considered. A macro-level learning theory is useful in conceptualizing reasons for student success and failure and in…

Greater emphasis is placed upon communication in today's foreign language classroom. Various definitions of communicative competence are considered; basically, it is the ability to understand and make oneself understood in real-life situations. In teaching for communicative competence, meaning (what is being said) becomes the focal point of…

This consideration of the foreign language profession concerns goals and objectives of foreign language education, student and community attitudes, college foreign language requirements, enrollment, financial allocations, professional insularity, teaching and learning strategies, materials and technology, testing, and staffing. Goals have been…

This article discusses the varieties of bilingualism, types of bilingual programs, goals and program implementation, measurement and evaluation of bilingual/bicultural programs, teacher preparation, the impact of the ESEA Title VII Bilingual Education Act, sample programs, the question of language "standards," and studies about program outcomes.…

The principal aim of testing is to communicate to the student the extent to which he has progressed in attempting to fulfill his goals. Progress in the testing field is observed especially as a step in a feedback loop that includes goals, tasks, and evaluation procedures for providing feedback to the student. The teacher-as-learner also uses test…