Short-term treatment has been steadily gaining in popularity in the past five years although its historical antecedents are of much longer standing. This annotated bibliography is the result of a literature search covering the major journals in psychology, psychiatry, and social work during the period from 1945 to 1974. A total of 243 articles were located and categorized as follows: (a) theoretical and review articles, (b) short-term methods in individual therapy with adults, (c) short-term methods in individual therapy with children and adolescents, (d) short-term methods in group therapy, (e) short-term methods in family and marital therapy, and (f) short-term methods with hospitalized patients. The bibliography is accompanied by a critical review of short-term treatment that discusses trends and particularly concentrates on innovative methods of brief intervention in individual and family crisis and with children and their families. An author and subject index is also included. (Author)