Assessing the achievement of students in elementary and secondary schools and the nation's educational progress is fundamental to informing education policy approaches. Congressional interest in this area includes and extends beyond the annual assessments administered by states to comply with the educational accountability requirements of Title…

This tutorial addresses possible sources of confusion in interpreting trait scores from the bifactor model. The bifactor model may be used when subscores are desired, either for formative feedback on an achievement test or for theoretically different constructs on a psychological test. The bifactor model is often chosen because it requires fewer…

Discusses results of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) and the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), which examined the use of educational technology. Topics include validity and interpretation of results; and what needs to change about how technology is used in education, including adding technology…