State-space modeling techniques have been compared to structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques in various contexts but their unique strengths have often been overshadowed by their similarities to SEM. In this article, we provide a comprehensive discussion of these 2 approaches' similarities and differences through analytic comparisons and…

This article is concerned with the seemingly simple problem of testing whether latent factors are perfectly correlated (i.e., statistically indistinct). In recent literature, researchers have used different approaches, which are not always correct or complete. We discuss the parameter constraints required to obtain such perfectly correlated latent…