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Chunhua Cao; Yan Wang; Eunsook Kim – Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2025
Multilevel factor mixture modeling (FMM) is a hybrid of multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multilevel latent class analysis (LCA). It allows researchers to examine population heterogeneity at the within level, between level, or both levels. This tutorial focuses on explicating the model specification of multilevel FMM that considers…
Descriptors: Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Factor Analysis, Nonparametric Statistics, Statistical Analysis
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Kane Meissel; Esther S. Yao – Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 2024
Effect sizes are important because they are an accessible way to indicate the practical importance of observed associations or differences. Standardized mean difference (SMD) effect sizes, such as Cohen's d, are widely used in education and the social sciences -- in part because they are relatively easy to calculate. However, SMD effect sizes…
Descriptors: Computer Software, Programming Languages, Effect Size, Correlation