The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has created an unprecedented opportunity for innovation across industries, but its complexity often presents a steep learning curve for many (Roberts & Candi, 2024; Gunner, 2025). This highlights the need for user-friendly tools that bridge the gap between AI's potential and its practical…

We present a concrete situation where there is a difference between the theoretical security of a cipher and its limitations when implemented in practice. Specifically, when entering a PIN, smudges on the keypad substantially reduce its security. We show how the number of possible keys in the presence of the "smudge attack" can be…

The cyber security environment, its threats, and its defence strategies are constantly changing. Educational programmes and their curriculum are known to be slow changing and at times out-of-date, resulting in content that may not be as relevant to their students and the industry. This research paper will 1 -- present an overview of the curriculum…

Cybersecurity threats have been intensifying and becoming more diverse. Social engineering can enable or enhance these technical attacks. This interplay between technical attacks and social engineering, when used, makes every employee, manager and board member a part of the security infrastructure of an organization. As such, it is incumbent upon…

We present a detailed description of a Cryptography and Computer Security course that has been offered at Knox College for the last 15 years. While the course is roughly divided into two sections, Cryptology and Computer Security, our emphasis here is on the Cryptology section. The course puts the cryptologic material into its historical context…

Some of the most common cybersecurity threats are malware, ransomware, phishing and spam. For their victims, including higher education institutions (HEIs), cybercrimes range from inconveniences to data breaches to grand heists. The threat that cyberattacks pose for HEIs is extremely costly and increasingly frequent, according to April 2022…

One of the most persuasive technologies in developing universities' smart campus applications is the Internet of Things (IoT) technique. Deploying thousands of readily available devices connected to IoT systems by ignoring device vulnerabilities and threat strategies in smart campus infrastructure is exacerbating security challenges. Moreover,…

As the twenty-first century advances technologically, the era is also becoming notorious for the rise of organized cybercrime and attacks on business information and operations. Company data and intellectual property are considered the "New Oil" that generates value for organizations and their constituents. With the escalating number of…

Higher education regularly experiences cyber attacks. Organisations that do not adequately protect themselves risk the loss or exposure of personal student and staff data and also commercial, institutional and research data that are valuable to cyber criminals operating domestically and internationally. This paper discusses: (1) the current…

Having a clear teaching strategy is vital when it comes to improving students' retention and preserving their knowledge. Various general teaching approaches have been incorporated into the classrooms as ways of improving teaching and student learning. Some of these approaches proved to be effective and some are ineffective. In this study, I…

Cybersecurity educational efforts are urgently needed to introduce young people to the profession and give students and teachers cybersecurity knowledge to protect themselves from increasing cybercrime. In this study, 56 elementary preservice teachers participated in a 3-hour intervention within a technology integration course that introduced them…

K-12 teachers and students are vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks and mostly ill-prepared to deal with them. The COVID-19 pandemic has only increased these risks because of the reliance on digital technology in education and increased free time young children and adolescents spend online. Simultaneously, the U.S. is facing an extreme shortage of…

With the rapid increase of online learning and online degree programs, the need for a secure and fair scoring mechanisms in online learning becomes urgent. In this research, a secure scoring mechanism was designed and developed based on blockchain technology to build transparent and fair interactions among students and teachers. The proposed…

A suggested curriculum for secondary and primarily academic discipline in Cybersecurity Postsecondary Education is presented. This curriculum is developed based on the Association for Computing Machinery guidelines and the National Centers of Academic Excellence Cyber Operations program.

A common approach to increase test security in higher educational high-stakes testing is the use of different test forms with identical items but different item orders. The effects of such varied item orders are relatively well studied, but findings have generally been mixed. When multiple test forms with different item orders are used, we argue…