This bulletin is a continuation of the author's inquiry into the conceptual problems of national development as initially presented in "Education and the Development of Human Technology." It is based on a paper prepared by the author as background for a Consultant Seminar on Human Resources Development in August 1962. The purpose of both…

In China, lifelong learning has a long history--as a way to prepare for traditional civil examinations, which opened opportunities for social mobility and, later, to train the adult workforce to meet national economic objectives. In Shanghai, adult education has recently become essential for adapting the workforce to rapid economic change, but…

Three centuries ago only religious schools and apprenticeship controlled by the guilds existed to provide training. Regular academic schools originated in religions that needed a well-educated clergy, and these schools offered the model for the universal basic and secondary schools that exist today in nearly all countries. The European guilds gave…

Examination of the history and present structure of Soviet education reveals a number of potential lessons for educational planners in developing countries, according to the authors. This report traces the course of Soviet educational reforms from the 1910s to the 1970s in four areas: general (elementary and some secondary) education, vocational…

"Consolidation of schools" is the term used when two or more school districts are made into a single district, one school in one building replacing two or more small schools in several buildings. In some States when but two schools are replaced by one, the new school is called a "union" school, the term "consolidated"…

Saltville, Virginia, is a former company town whose main employer, a soda ash plant, shut down on July 1, 1971. The closure of the chemical plant displaced 700 workers, and created a crisis that threatened not only the existence of the town, but of the entire region. In response, Virginia Highlands Community College (VHCC), in cooperation with the…

In commemorating the 25-year history of Iowa's community college system, this report describes the colleges' programs and services, presents a vision for the future, and provides historical and descriptive profiles of the system's 15 colleges. An introductory section reviews the missions of Iowa's community colleges, focusing on educational…

This is the 1964 Annual Report of the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, which includes the Office of Education's report. The report is in six sections. Section 1 is From Advice to Action. Section 2, Educational Assistance, covers the topics: (1) National Defense Education Act; (2) Vocational and Technical Education; (3) Federally…

The two years under review constitute a period of unprecedented progress in vocational education, since it is probably conservative to say that the tangible results accomplished equal those of any decade preceding. There are important factors in this development. To mention a few, they include: (1) Most important of all has been the culmination of…