Describes an earlier study on the main characteristics and background of undergraduate students' difficulties when trying to solve mathematical tasks. Focuses on and extends part of an earlier study that concerned task solving strategies. Indicates that focusing on what is familiar and remembered at a superficial level is dominant over reasoning…

Discusses "separate knowing" (critical thinking) and "connected knowing" (empathic, appreciative thinking). Finds gender differences for the two; one style is independent of the other, and thus the two can coexist; and that they reflect not learning capacities or intellectual power but rather learning attitudes or styles.…

Discusses how teachers in six primary classrooms taught children to synthesize information (regarding reading, social studies, math, science, and social skills). Notes the central role that talk played in both the childrens' learning to synthesize and in the teachers' clarifying what they were researching and how they could best help the children.…

Describes the basic and exceptional calculation abilities of a calculating prodigy whose performances were investigated in single- and multi-digit number multiplication, numerical comparison, raising of powers, and short-term memory tasks. Shows how his highly efficient long-term memory storage and retrieval processes, knowledge of calculation…

Discusses audiographic conferencing in Western Australia and describes research that investigated telematics classrooms, with a focus on changing the teaching/learning environment to develop higher-order thinking skills. Results indicate that higher-order thinking increased with the scaffolding role of the teacher and social interaction and…

Describes an evaluation project that aimed to assess the potential of two elementary science specialists, as compared to elementary classroom teachers, to realize the reforms vision for science instruction in elementary classrooms. Indicates that specialists' views and practices were better aligned with those envisioned by current national reform…

Describes a study that used the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) to assess the disposition of Israeli eleventh-grade students toward critical thinking according to school type affiliate, scientific level, and gender. Argues for establishing a baseline reference for critical thinking disposition of high school students and…

Describes a study of a range of challenging activities centered on evaporation and condensation done with elementary school children. Analyzes children's explanations in light of the existing literature. Finds that older children display a surer sense of ontological categories, greater epistemological sophistication, greater precision in language…

Presents a study of problem-solving activities in a hypermedia representation of a theorem-proving problem. Qualitative analyses of user activities and responses to questions asked while using a system called HUGH&ME are described. The need for hypermedia-based tools to support expression and refinement of reasoning during problem solving is…

Describes a study of undergraduates that was conducted to identify the differences between individual and collaborative reflection using a qualitative approach. The results of journals and tape-recorded group reflection activities showed that collaborative reflection leads to a higher level of thinking such as metacognitive thinking. (Author/LRW)

Describes eight changes that fit the paradigm shift in second language education toward what is often called communicative language teaching: learner autonomy, cooperative learning, curricular integration, focus on meaning, diversity, thinking skills, alternative assessment, and teachers as co-learners. The paradigm shift is examined as an element…

Critical thinking is important for lessons in classes for gifted and talented students. Since definitions of critical thinking are plentiful and varied, teachers must decide what behaviors are most productive in the classroom. One viable method to promote critical thinking through productive discussion is the Dixon-Hegelian method. This paper…

Describes a program that teaches reading and thinking strategies through a student-centered, literature-based curriculum designed to increase students' cognitive strategy use, reading achievement, self-esteem, and critical-thinking abilities. An experiment demonstrated that 178 elementary school students in the program outperformed 174 control…

Describes a laboratory-based program in physics designed to help students build effective links between the mathematical equations used to solve problems in mechanics and the real world of moving objects. Conducts the study among senior college students and points out the value of laboratory work in science education for development of thinking…

Describes the rationale and activities developed and tested by the Biology Critical Thinking project (BCT). Presents the project guidelines for developing activities, a list of skills selected as goals of BCT, instruments used in determining effectiveness of the activities, results of the pilot study, and a sample activity involving vitamins. (MDH)