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Brouwer, Harm; Crocker, Matthew W.; Venhuizen, Noortje J.; Hoeks, John C. J. – Cognitive Science, 2017
Ten years ago, researchers using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to study language comprehension were puzzled by what looked like a "Semantic Illusion": Semantically anomalous, but structurally well-formed sentences did not affect the N400 component--traditionally taken to reflect semantic integration--but instead produced a P600…
Descriptors: Diagnostic Tests, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Language Processing, Semantics
Rogers, Timothy T.; McClelland, James L. – Cognitive Science, 2014
This paper introduces a special issue of "Cognitive Science" initiated on the 25th anniversary of the publication of "Parallel Distributed Processing" (PDP), a two-volume work that introduced the use of neural network models as vehicles for understanding cognition. The collection surveys the core commitments of the PDP…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Processes, Models, Cognitive Science
Chater, Nick; Brown, Gordon D. A. – Cognitive Science, 2008
The remarkable successes of the physical sciences have been built on highly general quantitative laws, which serve as the basis for understanding an enormous variety of specific physical systems. How far is it possible to construct universal principles in the cognitive sciences, in terms of which specific aspects of perception, memory, or decision…
Descriptors: Sciences, Scientific Principles, Models, Memory
Dennis, Simon – Cognitive Science, 2005
The syntagmatic paradigmatic model is a distributed, memory-based account of verbal processing. Built on a Bayesian interpretation of string edit theory, it characterizes the control of verbal cognition as the retrieval of sets of syntagmatic and paradigmatic constraints from sequential and relational long-term memory and the resolution of these…
Descriptors: Memory, Language Processing, Semantics, Sentence Structure
Hinton, Geoffrey; Osindero, Simon; Welling, Max; Teh, Yee-Whye – Cognitive Science, 2006
We describe a way of modeling high-dimensional data vectors by using an unsupervised, nonlinear, multilayer neural network in which the activity of each neuron-like unit makes an additive contribution to a global energy score that indicates how surprised the network is by the data vector. The connection weights that determine how the activity of…
Descriptors: Discovery Processes, Brain, Models, Cognitive Psychology
Linhares, Alexandre; Brum, Paulo – Cognitive Science, 2007
There is a crucial debate concerning the nature of chess chunks: One current possibility states that chunks are built by encoding particular combinations of pieces-on-squares (POSs), and that chunks are formed mostly by "close" pieces (in a "Euclidean" sense). A complementary hypothesis is that chunks are encoded by abstract,…
Descriptors: Play, Semantics, Educational Games, Memory
Pfordresher, Peter Q.; Palmer, Caroline; Jungers, Melissa K. – Cognitive Science, 2007
The production of complex sequences like music or speech requires the rapid and temporally precise production of events (e.g., notes and chords), often at fast rates. Memory retrieval in these circumstances may rely on the simultaneous activation of both the current event and the surrounding context (Lashley, 1951). We describe an extension to a…
Descriptors: Memory, Music, Serial Ordering, Sequential Learning
Grodner, Daniel; Gibson, Edward – Cognitive Science, 2005
All other things being equal the parser favors attaching an ambiguous modifier to the most recent possible site. A plausible explanation is that locality preferences such as this arise in the service of minimizing memory costs--more distant sentential material is more difficult to reactivate than more recent material. Note that processing any…
Descriptors: Linguistic Input, Sentence Structure, Language Processing, English
Lewis, Richard L.; Vasishth, Shravan – Cognitive Science, 2005
We present a detailed process theory of the moment-by-moment working-memory retrievals and associated control structure that subserve sentence comprehension. The theory is derived from the application of independently motivated principles of memory and cognitive skill to the specialized task of sentence parsing. The resulting theory construes…
Descriptors: Memory, Sentences, Models, Comprehension
Sikstrom, Sverker – Cognitive Science, 2006
An item that stands out (is isolated) from its context is better remembered than an item consistent with the context. This isolation effect cannot be accounted for by increased attention, because it occurs when the isolated item is presented as the first item, or by impoverished memory of nonisolated items, because the isolated item is better…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Primacy Effect, Short Term Memory, Depression (Psychology)
Larkey, Levi B.; Markman, Arthur B. – Cognitive Science, 2005
Similarity underlies fundamental cognitive capabilities such as memory, categorization, decision making, problem solving, and reasoning. Although recent approaches to similarity appreciate the structure of mental representations, they differ in the processes posited to operate over these representations. We present an experiment that…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Cognitive Mapping, Models

LeBlanc, Mark D.; Weber-Russell, Sylvia – Cognitive Science, 1996
A growing body of empirical and theoretical work indicates that young children (grades K-3) have difficulties solving word problems because of deficient language and text comprehension strategies. Describes a computer simulation designed to model working memory demands in "bottom-up" comprehension of arithmetic word problems, offering a…
Descriptors: Children, Cognitive Processes, Computer Simulation, Elementary School Mathematics