The history of the literacy campaigns in Nigeria is the story of attempts made to focus on the importance of education outside the school walls and to make it a vehicle of social, political, and economic change. (Author/SK)

The author draws upon her field observations in China during 1976 to describe how the People's Republic is trying to provide a broader base for popular participation in development. Discusses the changing nature of schooling, the importance placed on learning, and specific examples of changes in education. (CT)

The Tanzanian government has made a major commitment to its National Literacy Programme as a strategy for national development. Goals of the program are the eradication of illiteracy, self-reliance in solving economic and social problems, and lifelong education. To deal effectively with the problem of learner motivation, the program links literacy…

Discusses nonformal education programs for women in four categories, as well as nonvocational education programs, constraints, problems, directions, and strategies. The four categories are part-time facilities in formal educational institutions; in-plant training; on-the-job training by employers; and courses offered by public and private sector…

In dealing with the problem of illiteracy among women, the author feels that educational programs should form part of the large framework of integrated rural development and should combine education with work. Gives practical hints, and suggests how indigenous methods can be effective in the teaching-learning process. (CT)

Calling study-service a kind of nonformal education with potential to generate other kinds of nonformal education, the author describes Nepal's National Development Service to explain this scheme in developing countries. All degree-level university students must complete a year of community development service in rural areas before their final…

Stating that rural extension education in developing countries has neglected small, poor farmers, the author suggests a model changing extension services approach to concentrate on motivating poor farmers to increase production and raise their standard of living through localized personal contact, providing useful technology involving the whole…

Describes many ecological, social, and economic problems of Bangladesh in order to show the need for development of nonformal education to increase productivity in agriculture and related industries. Describes nine nonformal education projects in various areas of rural development, cooperatives, extension services, and adult education. (MF)