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Oliver Lüdtke; Alexander Robitzsch – Journal of Experimental Education, 2025
There is a longstanding debate on whether the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) or the change score approach is more appropriate when analyzing non-experimental longitudinal data. In this article, we use a structural modeling perspective to clarify that the ANCOVA approach is based on the assumption that all relevant covariates are measured (i.e.,…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Longitudinal Studies, Error of Measurement, Hierarchical Linear Modeling
Kyle Cox; Ben Kelcey; Hannah Luce – Journal of Experimental Education, 2024
Comprehensive evaluation of treatment effects is aided by considerations for moderated effects. In educational research, the combination of natural hierarchical structures and prevalence of group-administered or shared facilitator treatments often produces three-level partially nested data structures. Literature details planning strategies for a…
Descriptors: Randomized Controlled Trials, Monte Carlo Methods, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Educational Research
Kelcey, Ben; Shen, Zuchao – Journal of Experimental Education, 2020
When well-implemented, mediation analyses play a critical role in probing theories of action because their results help lay the ground work for the critical development of a treatment and the iterative advancement of theories that are foundational to a discipline. Despite strong interest in designs that incorporate mediation, few studies have…
Descriptors: Research Design, Sampling, Statistical Analysis, Hierarchical Linear Modeling
Li, Wei; Konstantopoulos, Spyros – Journal of Experimental Education, 2019
Education experiments frequently assign students to treatment or control conditions within schools. Longitudinal components added in these studies (e.g., students followed over time) allow researchers to assess treatment effects in average rates of change (e.g., linear or quadratic). We provide methods for a priori power analysis in three-level…
Descriptors: Research Design, Statistical Analysis, Sample Size, Effect Size