Identifies promising areas of aptitude-treatment interaction research (ATI), including research related to general ability, anxiety, prior achievement, and achievement motivation. Also provides general methodological ATI guidelines for science educators. (JN)

Illustrates advantages of research on practical factors in reasoning. Discusses role of factual knowledge and diagnosis of specific task-based errors in reasoning, influence of individual aptitudes on reasoning, and effect of educational interventions designed to change reasoning. Presents Piagetian position for each position, discusses evidence…