Descriptor
Source
| Spectrum | 3 |
Publication Type
| Journal Articles | 3 |
| Reports - Descriptive | 3 |
| Information Analyses | 1 |
Education Level
Audience
| Administrators | 2 |
| Practitioners | 2 |
| Researchers | 1 |
Location
Laws, Policies, & Programs
Assessments and Surveys
What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Bucko, Richard L. – Spectrum, 1986
Reviews historic approaches to grade retention, what research does and does not show about retention, and some factors to weigh when considering retention. Focuses on models developed by H. Wayne Light and Laurence Lieberman. Includes a sample elementary school promotion policy and a sample retention referral form. (IW)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Decision Making, Elementary Education, Evaluation Criteria
Ayars, Albert L. – Spectrum, 1983
The requirement to desegregate schools catalyzed changes enhancing educational effectiveness at Norfolk Public Schools (Virginia). Diversification of curriculum, high expectations, and instructional leadership have brought about dramatic improvements in academic achievement and minimal competency, and a significant decrease in racial disparity.…
Descriptors: Black Achievement, Desegregation Effects, Educational Improvement, Elementary Secondary Education
Hardy, Roy A. – Spectrum, 1986
Describes (1) the rapid growth in the number of states requiring teacher competency testing prior to certification and (2) variations in teacher testing for other purposes. Discusses the perceived need for teacher testing and outlines some consequences of the testing movement. Widespread testing of school administrators may be next. (IW)
Descriptors: Administrator Evaluation, Administrators, Court Litigation, Elementary Secondary Education
