This brief is the first in a series that highlights key features of high-quality instruction for English learners, and the role formative assessment plays in their success. Formative assessment supports teachers to enact these features by providing them with tools to gauge and react to student learning in real-time. These practices also support…

This brief is part of a series that highlights key features of high-quality instruction for English learners and the role formative assessment plays in their success. Formative assessment supports teachers to enact these features by providing them with tools to gauge and react to student learning in real-time. These practices also support students…

A significant role in educational assessment is played by measuring behavioural changes based on clearly specified educational objectives and meaningfully interpreting the results. One of the most significant strategies for evaluating a student's learning performance in the classroom is formative assessment. Formative assessment systems…

The change of the learning and teaching definitions in psychology has also changed the nature of classroom assessment implementations. One of these important changes is that the targeted skills in the classroom assessment, and item structures utilized to measure these skills have changed. Teachers have started to use items and tasks that can…

Too many deaf and hard of hearing students often do not show age-appropriate academic achievement, and schools have copious data on how deaf and hard of hearing students--especially those of color or those with additional disabilities--are not performing. One way that teachers can improve individual performance is through the use of formative…

The completion rates were compared for long-form questions where a large blank answer space is provided and for long-form questions where the answer space has bullet-points prompts corresponding to the parts of the question. It was found that students were more likely to complete a question when bullet points were provided in the answer space.…

We propose a new approach to classroom learning based on sequential numeral-division. It builds on the concept of trichotomy -- division of students based on creamy-level, middle-level and weaker-level students -- proposed by the present authors. A sequenced series of formative assessments can map student progress and achievement, particularly in…

In a traditional classroom of mixed ability levels, it is recommended that differentiation is the answer to helping all students achieve success (Heacox, 2012). This necessitates a shift from a "one size fits all" approach to one of greater emphasis on the individual in the learning process. While teachers seek ways to look at teaching,…

Across the United States, statewide assessments in English language arts and mathematics are federally mandated each school year in grades 3 through 8 and once in high school. The intent is to help educators, policymakers, and parents directly gauge how students and their school systems are performing against state standards. Missing nationwide,…

This chapter illustrates the value of formative assessment as the key to better understand students who struggle with classroom learning. The authors present ways in which professional development, classroom assessment, and student services can come together with the common goal of building a community focused on the student learning experience…

Assessments are generally categorized as being either formative or summative. Summative assessment takes place periodically through the school term as well as at the end and typically takes the form of formal tests and high-stakes quizzes. Summative assessment tends to be used for purposes of assigning grades and for evaluating the effectiveness…

This case was written to encourage educators to reflect on what it means to provide high-quality instructional supervision in an era of accountability when the American public education system is heavily influenced by reform efforts that affect how students learn and how teachers are supported as instructors, and pressures school systems face to…

This article begins by thinking about the process of accreditation in general and examining whether it is a transactional or value-added activity. The overall systems of U.S accreditation and National Association for Developmental Education (NADE) accreditation are reviewed.

In the current age of accountability, teachers must be able to produce tangible evidence of students' concept mastery. This article focuses on implementation of formative assessments before, during, and after instruction in order to maximize teachers' ability to effectively monitor student achievement. Suggested strategies are included to help…

The field of school librarianship has long called for stronger evidence related to school libraries and student achievement (Stefl-Mabry and Raddick 2017; Stefl-Mabry et al. 2016; Morris and Cahill 2017). This article outlines a systematic method for school librarians to document student learning and provide tangible confirmation of their…