In this paper, we describe the development of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). We trace the history of sorting tasks from the studies of Narziss Ach on the psychology of thinking, via the work of Kurt Goldstein and Adhemar Gelb on brain lesioned patients around 1920 and subsequent developments, up to the actual design of the WCST by Harry…

This article offers a typology of philosophical traditions in environmental education for adults, based on five philosophical perspectives of adult education described by Elias and Merriam. These five traditions are liberal, progressive, behaviorist, humanist, and radical adult environmental education, respectively. A summary of each philosophy's…

Discusses the concept of taxonomy in learning. Highlights include cognitive domain, affective domain, and psycho-motor domain; behaviorism and constructivism; scaffolding; other classification formats, including rubrics and matrices; learning taxonomy applied to information literacy and to library media specialist as teacher; and the taxonomy for…