Presents 2 complementary techniques for promoting success in computer-based exploration environments for arithmetic instruction. Semantic constraints are explained, heuristic guidance is discussed, use of the techniques for subtraction instruction is described, and field testing with students in grades 1-3 is briefly discussed. (25 references)…

Describes a knowledge-based tutoring system which provides pupil interaction with the microcomputer to diagnose pupils' errors in subtraction operations. Current subtraction methods; nature and origin of subtraction errors; and the structure, achievements, and future developments of the computer system are included. Thirteen references and a…

Analyzes instructional theory requirements and suggests that structural learning theories meet these requirements. Essentials of such theories are illustrated in the context of designing an instructional unit on subtraction. Structural learning theories are then described more generally and contrasted with cognitive theories. Implications for…

Discussion of elementary school mathematics instruction focuses on computer graphing programs to teach subtraction that use pictorial representations as well as graphs. Classroom graphing activities for first graders are described, and evaluations of student progress based on pre- and posttests are discussed. (two references) (LRW)