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Wang, Weimeng; Liao, Manqian; Stapleton, Laura – Educational Psychology Review, 2019
Many national and international educational data collection programs offer researchers opportunities to investigate contextual effects related to student performance. In those programs, schools are often used in the first-stage sampling process and students are randomly drawn from selected schools. However, the "incidental" dependence of…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Context Effect, Sampling, Children