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Tuttle, Christina Clark; Teh, Bing-ru; Nichols-Barrer, Ira; Gill, Brian P.; Gleason, Philip – Mathematica Policy Research, Inc., 2010
In this set of four supplemental tables, the authors compare the baseline test scores of the treatment and matched control group samples observed in each year after KIPP entry (outcome years 1 to 4). As discussed in Chapter III, the authors used an iterative propensity score estimation procedure to calculate each student's probability of entering…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Middle Schools, Student Characteristics, Tables (Data)
Greene, Jay P.; Winters, Marcus A. – Center for Civic Innovation, 2006
Social promotion has long been the normal practice in American schools. Critics of this practice, whereby students are promoted to the next grade regardless of academic preparation, have suggested that students would benefit academically if they were made to repeat a grade. Supporters of social promotion claim that retaining students disrupts them…
Descriptors: School Holding Power, Research Design, Researchers, Standardized Tests