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York, Richard – International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 2018
A common motivation for adding control variables to statistical models is to reduce the potential for spurious findings when analyzing non-experimental data and to thereby allow for more reliable causal inferences. However, as I show here, unless "all" potential confounding factors are included in an analysis (which is unlikely to be…
Descriptors: Inferences, Control Groups, Correlation, Experimental Groups