This article describes the Brazilian juvenile justice system and the educational rights of incarcerated adolescents with learning disabilities, to discuss how and why they are "invisible" and deprived of adequate treatment for their specific needs. The main reasons reside (a) in the complex national legal structure of the juvenile…

Purpose: The profession of rehabilitation counseling has long been responsive to emerging disabilities. To date, however, the profession's attention and response to the ongoing opioid crisis in the United States has been incommensurate with the scope and detriment of opioids and opioid use disorder (OUD) on Americans with disabilities. The opioid…

The misuse of prescription medications has emerged as a national public health concern. Epidemiological studies suggest that college students are at an elevated risk to engage in nonmedical use of several medications, including stimulants and central nervous system depressants. Teachers can easily integrate material related to the nonmedical use…

A strong relationship between creativity and major depression has been attested to in many past studies. These suggest a correlation between high creative propensity and the prevalence of depression as well as attribute the implementation of creative tasks in therapy with the facilitation and reduction of depressive symptoms. This article supports…

Today's world is no doubt one that continues to be shaped and influenced by the rise of social media platforms. These platforms have spread throughout the lives of contemporary students and, unfortunately, have heightened the severity and prevalence of cyberbullying. The purpose of this paper is to explore the intersections between social studies,…

Cyberbullying is a type of bullying, which in turn is a type of aggression. This paper gives a brief history of research, and discusses definitional issues around cyberbullying, and three challenges facing researchers; it then reviews some basic findings about prevalence, age and gender differences, predictors of involvement, and effects and…

By highlighting the critical thinking that (1) analyzes and evaluates arguments for claims about vaccinations and autism, and (2) engages in a form of methodological skepticism that systematically and continuously asks Critical Questions, a philosophical approach is introduced to deal directly and systematically with students' (and publicly…

Existing scholarship suggests that classroom practices, teacher attitudes, and the broader school environment play a critical role in understanding the rates of student reports of aggression, bullying, and victimization as well as correlated behaviors. A more accurate understanding of the nature, origins, maintenance, and prevalence of bullying…

Bullying has been identified as a worldwide problem and has attracted great attention from the media, researchers, educators, and parents in the past few decades. This introductory article describes the prevalence and demographic differences for both traditional bullying and cyberbullying among U.S. adolescents. Then it reviews risk and protective…

Absenteesim is extremely high in Washington, DC public and charter schools. Chronic absenteeism increases achievement gaps, because students from disadvantaged backgrounds with high absenteeism are more likely to fall behind academically. Absenteeism among young children drastically reduces the likelihood of achieving reading and math proficiency…

Absenteesim is extremely high in Washington, DC charter and public schools. Chronic absenteeism increases achievement gaps, because students from disadvantaged backgrounds with high absenteeism are more likely to fall behind academically. Absenteeism among young children drastically reduces the likelihood of achieving reading and math proficiency…

The purpose of this review is to systematically uncover relevant studies in the literature that measure the effects of class size on academic achievement. The review will synthesize the effects in a transparent manner and, where possible, the review will investigate the extent to which the effects differ among different groups of students such as…

The use of information and communication technology (ICT) has not only brought advantages to mankind. One downside is the emergence and increase of cyberbullying in schools. Affecting students of all ages, teachers, parents, and other educators, this special form of bullying is an increasing challenge for schools. This article offers an overview…

Tobacco addiction and chronic pain represent 2 highly prevalent and comorbid conditions that engender substantial burdens upon individuals and systems. Interrelations between pain and smoking have been of clinical and empirical interest for decades, and research in this area has increased dramatically over the past 5 years. We conceptualize the…

Prior research suggests that stigma plays a role in racial/ethnic health disparities. However, there is limited understanding about the mechanisms by which stigma contributes to HIV-related disparities in risk, incidence and screening, treatment, and survival and what can be done to reduce the impact of stigma on these disparities. We introduce…