This paper proposes a teacher effect change model in the form of a latent variable regression 5-level hierarchical model (LVR-HM5). Using multiple years of student achievement data, the LVR-HM5 attempts to simultaneously estimate teacher effect as well as teacher initial status and the gap parameter to model the change of such latent parameters…

Effective professional learning evaluation requires consideration of five critical stages or levels of information. These five levels, which are presented in this article, represent an adaptation of an evaluation model developed by Kirkpatrick (1959, 1998) for judging the value of supervisory training programs in business and industry.…