Invitational Theory is rooted in three theoretical foundations, the perceptual tradition, self-concept theory, and a democratic ethos (Purkey, Novak, and Fretz, 2020). This essay focuses in on the first of these foundations, which the author intentionally describes as "perceptual theory." Perceptual theory provides a theoretical…

This paper defines sociopathy and presents current findings on its causes and treatment. A milieu therapy program is described, including the preventive and active treatment methods used to keep the adolescent sociopath fully occupied in constructive activities and "sponsor" relationships to overcome antisocial behavior patterns. (Author/SJL)

The training program is one of the most important and least standardized programatic units. It is important to keep in mind that various volunteers cannot be mass produced into professional social workers, psychologists or counselors by six-, eight- or 10-week courses. It is essential that the trainer integrate the key concepts presented and…