Some bad ideas never seem to die, despite research showing they do not actually work. It can be hard to spot them at first. Those dispelled education theories that research shot down long ago. They creep up in studies, shuffling around mumbling in the reference lists, or moan loudly in blog posts. The author often stumbles across these…

English language instructors regularly witness how various social, pedagogical and individual elements intersect and influence one another in their classrooms. Every language program is shaped by the characteristics of their local, regional and national contexts. On a similar vein, knowledge and skills are framed under particular linguistic goals…