When K-12 schools in California closed for in-person instruction in response to COVID-19 in March 2020, few would have predicted that most schools would remain physically closed for more than one year. Throughout this period, California's educators and students have continued teaching and learning remotely for the most part, demonstrating…

Educational technologies have advanced one of the most important visions of educational reformers, to customize formal and informal learning to individuals. The application of a complex systems framework to the design of learning ecologies suggests that each of a series of ten desirable and malleable features stimulates or propels the other ten,…

Despite decades of experience supporting efforts from local to state levels to improve learning for underserved students, Sonia Caus Gleason and WestEd's Nancy Gerzon could not point to examples of entire schools accomplishing what they believed was possible: high-poverty public schools personalizing learning for all students to consistently reach…

In recent years, there has been a tremendous increase in the popularity of distance education among higher-education administrators. Students in growing numbers are also taking advantage of the flexibility and accessibility that distance education offers. This growth, however, has been a mixed blessing since it derives from using the Internet…

"The Teaching Revolution" challenges educators to imagine schools the way they should be, with a "big picture" vision that includes student-driven curricula, interconnectivity, and targeted responsiveness to students' individual needs. The authors provide a futuristic and provocative discussion on combining three major instructional…

Response to intervention is meant to be broad-based and preventative. However, as formulated and practiced the approach often is too limited in how it frames what needs to go on to enable learning, engage students, and keep them engaged. In particular, it pays too little attention to the need to strengthen the classroom and schoolwide context in…

A model is presented which incorporates certain features lacking in many schemes: it proceeds in a systematic manner; it addresses the interaction of cognitive processes and instructional task demands; it provides for continuous evaluation and modification; and it deals with measurable behaviors. It is divided into three components adapted from…

The U-SAIL system is a practical approach to individualization of instruction in which a problem-solving process is employed to install a program in logical sequential phases. U-SAIL is a nationally validated, successfully replicated, cost-feasible system for individualization of instruction which can be implemented in a variety of settings with…

This examination of programed instruction both as a product and a process lists Bullock's Thirteen Questions to check the extent to which an instructional program can be viewed as programed instruction and explains the rationale behind them. It also clarifies some common misconceptions about programed instruction. (EAO)

The United States has been engaged in school reform for three decades. The federal government as well as all fifty states have passed numerous versions of reform legislation to mandate and regulate the process. Educators have adjusted their practices to the policy created by this legislation. They have also allocated hundreds of billions of…

This report presents the results of a curriculum project which produced an instructional design for field supervision. The primary objective was to operationalize the "systems approach" to field supervision by showing how the theory/practice synthesis, learning theory, and variation of newer instructional designs could be used in the student…

An individualized program for teaching writing skills was initiated for high school students in a writing laboratory program. The major goal was to develop a systematic, individualized approach for teaching 300 specific writing skills. Major characteristics of the program included evaluation of student writing to diagnose and prescribe…

This paper describes Maine's high standards for all students and a model for personalizing instruction and assessment to fit student needs, thus providing fair opportunities for all children to achieve the standards. Maine's academic standards, the Learning Results, are structured in three levels: broad performance goals for all students (guiding…

During the last five years, the Instructional Support System for Occupational Education (ISSOE) in New York State has grown to involve approximately 3,000 teachers in development activities. To manage this system, a management information system was set up to develop reports on student progress, student decision making, and planning for student…

The United States Army, confronted with sophisticated defense machinery and entry level soldiers with low educational backgrounds, selected a systems approach to training that was developed in 1975 by Florida State University. Instructional Systems Development (IDS), a five-phase process encompassing the entire educational environment, is…