For years, bilingual programmes have allocated the languages of bilinguals to separate teachers, lessons, or even days or hours of the week to avoid damaging the 'purity' of languages, confusing language-minoritized students and hindering their achievement (Creese & Blackledge, 2011. Separate and flexible bilingualism in complementary schools:…

Many students, enrolled in colleges and universities that use English as a medium of instruction, have difficulty understanding lectures in specialized courses delivered in English such as medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, biology, biochemistry, anatomy, physiology and others. They also have difficulties reading specialized texts and learning…