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Learning Disabilities: Debates on Definitions, Causes, Subtypes, and Responses
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Buttner, Gerhard; Hasselhorn, Marcus – International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 2011
Students with difficulties in specific cognitive processes and academic achievement with otherwise normal levels of intellectual functioning are classified as having a learning disability (LD). In spite of extensive recent research in a number of disciplines, controversial debate continues with regard to several issues. To reconcile some of them…
Descriptors: Learning Disabilities, Disability Identification, Cognitive Processes, Definitions
Intellectual Disability: Definition, Classification, and Systems of Supports. Eleventh Edition
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Schalock, Robert L.; Borthwick-Duffy, Sharon A.; Bradley, Valerie J.; Buntinx, Wil H. E.; Coulter, David L.; Craig, Ellis M.; Gomez, Sharon C.; Lachapelle, Yves; Luckasson, Ruth; Reeve, Alya; Shogren, Karrie A.; Snell, Martha E.; Spreat, Scott; Tasse, Marc J.; Thompson, James R.; Verdugo-Alonso, Miguel A.; Wehmeyer, Michael L.; Yeager, Mark H. – American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2010
This Manual contains the most current and authoritative information and knowledge on intellectual disability, including best practice guidelines on diagnosing and classifying intellectual disability and developing a system of supports for people living with an intellectual disability. Written by a committee of 18 experts, "Intellectual…
Descriptors: Mental Retardation, Developmental Disabilities, Classification, Definitions
Functional Concepts in Mental Retardation: Finding the Natural Essence of an Artificial Category
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Greenspan, Stephen – Exceptionality, 2006
Although there have always been people considered to have mental retardation (MR), the category has proven surprisingly difficult to define adequately. This is because it includes a subcategory of mild MR whose members are part of a larger population of marginally competent people, some of whom may be considered to have other forms of disability…
Descriptors: Mental Retardation, Multiple Intelligences, Classification, Cutting Scores
"New" EMRs. Chapter One.
MacMillan, Donald L. – 1988
Changes in the population of children served as educable mentally retarded (EMR) in the public schools are examined. The term "new" refers to children currently classified as EMR, in contrast to children classified as EMR in the late 1960s, predating court actions challenging the criteria for EMR eligibility. "New" EMRs have an IQ of 50-75, while…
Descriptors: Black Youth, Classification, Court Litigation, Definitions