Does reduced class size cause higher academic achievement for both Black and other students in reading, mathematics, listening, and word recognition skills? Do Black students benefit more than other students from reduced class size? Does the magnitude of the minority advantages vary significantly across schools? This article addresses the causal…

Small-group instruction is designed to develop group and individual interaction of all students. This learning module presents three groups of activities which should maximize small-group effectiveness. These activities are categorized according to functions best suited for small-group instruction, organization of the small group, and pointers for…