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Tupas, Ruanni – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2015
This paper maps out the linguistic history of nation-building in the Philippines through the politics of "p" and "f" in the country. This politics concerns the various strategic acts of naming the national language at different periods of the country's history that have shaped its fate as the most hegemonic indigenous…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Official Languages, Native Language, Language Planning

Gonzalez, Andrew; Bajunid, Ibrahim Ahmed – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1996
Describes the multilingual situation underlying the educational scheme in the Philippines, a system inherent with problems arising from the unequal developmental status of Filipino and English and the subsequent failure to meet manpower and material needs. The article issues a call to use the synergy created by two languages. Bajunid's response…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Classroom Techniques, Code Switching (Language), English (Second Language)
Clankie, Shawn M. – Language and Culture Studies Series, 2000
This paper considers how multilingualism is approached in both Japan and the United States by considering the position and roles of the government, schools, and public. There exists the perception in countries where monolingualism is considered the norm that bilingualism, and certainly multilingualism, are problematic. Multilingualism in a…
Descriptors: Acculturation, Chinese, English (Second Language), Foreign Countries