As a research field geared toward understanding and improving learning, Learning Analytics (LA) must be able to provide empirical support for causal claims. However, as a highly applied field, tightly controlled randomized experiments are not always feasible nor desirable. Instead, researchers often rely on observational data, based on which they…

This paper provides a novel instructional methodology that is designed to conceptually address the four main challenges faced by 21st century students, who must learn in a multitude of educational settings (face to face, hybrid and online). The online learning neuroscience supported instructional methodology detailed in this article also provides…