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Vandergrift, Larry; Goh, Christine C. M.; Mareschal, Catherine J.; Tafaghodtari, Marzieh H. – Language Learning, 2006
This article describes the development and validation of a listening questionnaire designed to assess second language (L2) listeners' metacognitive awareness and perceived use of strategies while listening to oral texts. The process of instrument development and validation is described, along with a review of the relevant literature related to…
Descriptors: Questionnaires, Second Language Learning, Metacognition, Learning Strategies
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Wong, Ngai-Ying; Lin, Wen-Ying; Watkins, David – Educational Psychology, 1996
Analyzes responses to a questionnaire from 10 samples of primary and secondary school students from Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Malaysia, Beijing, Hong Kong, and Canada. The questionnaire covered learning strategies, approaches, and motivation. These data were then analyzed using six different structural equation models. Includes discussion of the models…
Descriptors: Educational Experience, Factor Analysis, Foreign Countries, Learning Experience