This article describes the affordances of using clinical interviews with struggling mathematics learners to inform intervention and instruction. A case study of a fourth grade student, Danny, is presented to give an illustrative example of the complexity of the student's mathematical understandings in terms of place value. From the clinical…

Defines a random effects diagonal metric multidimensional scaling model, gives its computational algorithms, describes researchers' experiences with these algorithms, and provides an illustration of the use of the model and algorithms. (Author/SLD)

A nonparametric Mokken scale analysis and program is described. Three procedures of scaling (a search procedure, evaluation of the whole set of items as a scale, and extension of an existing scale) provided a coefficient of scalability for all the items together that satisfy the criteria of the Mokken model. (Author/LMO)

A computational method for weighted euclidean distance scaling (a method of multidimensional scaling) which combines aspects of an "analytic" solution with an approach using loss functions is presented. (Author/JKS)

A description of a Mokken test program to test the robustness of nonparametric Stochastic scales is presented. For each sample and the whole population, different scale statistics (both on scale and on item level) are computed recursively. A statistic T is presented for testing the robustness of the scales in the samples. (Author)

Discusses the use of scaling test scores for an algebra class. Provides example data, several equations used in scaling, and graphs. (YP)

Describes an activity that addresses some fundamental principles of scaling, a technique that provides a mathematical basis for explaining many biological differences between small and large organisms. (WRM)

Using the analogy of temperature measurement, the Rasch model is presented with arguments for its adoption as the basic scaling technique for achievement measures. Three extensions of the Rasch model for more complex testing are developed. Test development for the British national assessment program and the promise of item banking are also…

Scaling methodologies used in analysis of National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) surveys since 1984 are reviewed. The plausible values methodology developed for NAEP scale-score analyses is described in the contexts of item response theory and average response method scaling. Current NAEP research in scaling is discussed. (SLD)

Discusses the classification of binary oxides as acidic, basic, or amphoteric. Demonstrates how a numerical scale for acidity/basicity of binary oxides can be constructed using thermochemical data for oxoacid salts. Presents the calculations derived from the data that provide the numeric scale values. (TW)