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Aarnes Gudmestad; Thomas A. Metzger – Language Learning, 2025
In this Methods Showcase Article, we illustrate mixed-effects modeling with a multinomial dependent variable as a means of explaining complexities in language. We model data on future-time reference in second language Spanish, which consists of a nominal dependent variable that has three levels, measured over 73 participants. We offer step-by-step…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Spanish, Applied Linguistics, Predictor Variables
Soliday Hong, S.; Zadrozny, S.; Walker, J.; Love, E. N. G.; Osborne, J. D.; Owen, J. L.; Jenkins, G.; Peisner-Feinberg, E. – FPG Child Development Institute, 2021
This report summarizes results from the Georgia's Pre-K Longitudinal Study Third-Grade Report. The study followed a representative sample of children (n=1,169) from their pre-k experience (2013-2014) through the third grade (2017-2018). Study components include: (1) Standardized child assessments that measure skills across learning domains. By…
Descriptors: Preschool Education, Primary Education, Grade 1, Grade 2
Peisner-Feinberg, Ellen S.; Garwood, Justin D.; Mokrova, Irina L. – FPG Child Development Institute, 2016
This executive summary presents results from a study that began in 2013-2014, and involves a longitudinal design to follow a sample of 1,169 children (139 Spanish-speaking DLLs) who attended 199 randomly-selected Georgia's Pre-K classrooms. These findings focus on results from the second year of the study, which included 1,034 of these children…
Descriptors: Program Evaluation, Early Childhood Education, Preschool Education, Kindergarten