Based on a survey of nearly 50 agencies in 13 states, describes orientation programs designed to meet the special needs of Indochinese refugees and immigrant women, both in the United States and in overseas refugee camps. (Author/GC)

The large-scale influx of Indochinese refugees into the United States generated complex educational problems at the University of Minnesota. The Asian Commanding English program, a program to help remove the language barriers of disadvantaged Southeast Asians and provide students with a support mechanism is described. (MLW)

The obvious problems encountered by the Indo-Chinese refugees coming into the United States were accentuated by the confusion, swiftness, and finality of the massive exodus. The concept of an outreach counseling program was developed to assist the Indo-Chinese in overcoming those barriers standing between them and a goal of self-sufficiency within…

This collection of essays focuses on issues in bilingual education. First, Elizabeth Flynn examines different kinds of bilingual programs; efforts made towards cultural pluralism in a number of countries; national benefits to be derived from bilingualism; the needs of American ethnic groups, new immigrants, and foreign students; and the pros and…

Seventeen Massachusetts programs involving schools and communities working together to support the educational success of linguistic minorities are described. The programs represent a cross-section of efforts in the state serving a variety of language groups. Program focuses include: (1) supplemental support and resources for Cambodian students;…